Are Canadians Better at Preventing Lyme Disease?

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It’s tick season and the little pests are out with a vengeance. Tiny as they are, ticks are a huge nuisance and a hazardous vector of disease. Their ability to latch onto unsuspecting hosts has made them one of the most successful blood-sucking parasites on the planet.

Ticks are the primary carriers of Lyme disease, infecting people with their bite. But do ticks or people account for the sizable difference in the number of reported cases in the US and Canada? Every year, in the United States, about half a million people are diagnosed with Lyme disease. Based on population, all other things equal, one would expect about 50,000 cases annually in Canada. Other things, however, must not be equal. Because according to the Public Health Agency of Canada, only 3,147 cases were reported in Canada in 2021, up from 144 in 2009.

Is geography behind this huge difference? Ticks that transmit Lyme are found in most parts of the US and have expanded into the areas of Canada where most people live over the past two decades.

Challenges with diagnosis of Lyme disease might help explain the gap. When diagnosed early, a course of antibiotics is an effective treatment. If untreated, the bacteria causing infection can linger in the body for months or years before presenting symptoms ranging, for example, from short-term fevers, rashes, and fatigue to more devastating conditions.

An attack on the central nervous system could be one manifestation. This can cause numbness, pain, stiff neck, headache, and many other symptoms, including psychiatric problems.