Moral Disengagement, Cognitive Dissonance, Neutralization Theory
Criminology has developed theories, among them moral disengagement, cognitive dissonance, and neutralization theory, that may explain recent actions--a total disregard of rules of public decorum at a national speech, multiple staged protests and bullying tactics opposing Trump’s new initiatives, but also to justify political corruption and massive misuse of public funds.
Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when people’s actions are inconsistent with their values. This leads them to change their beliefs to justify those actions.
In the realm of campaign finance, cognitive dissonance may also occur when politicians publicly advocate for reducing the influence of money in politics while accepting huge donations from special interest groups, tech companies, or Wall Street firms and simultaneously promoting policies to benefit those industries. To resolve the dissonance between their public stance and private actions, they might emphasize the need for money for their political campaigns, rationalizing that their beneficial policy goals justify accepting such contributions.
Moral disengagement involves justifying unethical actions through various cognitive mechanisms. During the 2020 protests following the death of George Floyd, many engaged in violence and looting of business owners in their own neighborhoods. They may have justified their actions as a means of drawing attention to systemic injustice, or to right what they perceived as past wrongs —both forms of moral justification.