There was no single cause of the tragic 24-story Grenfell Tower conflagration in London. The British newspaper The Telegraph lists eight factors, including lack of dual staircases, lack of sprinklers both outside and inside, and sub-standard fire doors--none of which at this time appear to have violated the law. But nothing contributed more to the sheer speed of the spread, blocking both exits and preventing rescues, and hence the horrific death toll, than what's called "cladding." That's a covering or coating on the structure. According to The Telegraph, fire safety experts warned as much as 18 years ago that the cladding used on buildings such as Grenfell Tower--used to improve both energy efficiency and aesthetics--posed a deadly threat because it essentially turns a high-rise into a chimney, funneling the heat upwards. Why? Partly it's "breathing space" between cladding panels allowing oxygen to enter and partly because the cladding was made of aluminum and . . . polyethylene. "Ethyl" means a petroleum byproduct. And while petroleum byproducts may be good for heating and cooling insulation, petroleum burns.

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