In the 1970s, Iran was a secular monarchy that ruled as a dictatorship under the Shah. Although people in Iran lacked political freedom, they enjoyed social freedoms and a modern, Western-style social, educational, and industrial economic system.
Some would say how terrible the Shah was, but today Iranians still lack any political freedom and have none of the social freedoms or educational opportunities they enjoyed under the Shah. Any dissent in Iran is dealt with severely. The system that was created by the clerics was designed to protect the power at the top, the supreme leader. There are no co-equal branches of government or institutions.
What Iran considers serious crimes are basic civil rights in almost every other country. Morality police patrol the streets looking for those who flaunt any sign of individuality, like dressing inappropriately. Deciding what you want to wear or with whom you will associate can be considered serious crimes. Commonplace executions often result in the brutalization of those who witness them.
The legal system in Iran is strictly Islamic. It recognizes only three types of crime: hudud crimes, qisas, and tazir crimes. Hudud being the most offensive.
For hudud crimes, the punishment is almost always death. Examples would be adultery, blasphemy, and apostasy.
Qisas crimes operate under the principle of retribution. In cases of murder or serious injury, the victim's family can demand execution or forgiveness. With forgiveness, the family can request compensation.
Tazir crimes are somewhat loose in interpretation, with the punishment left to the judges discretion. Examples of tazir crimes are drug trafficking, possession, robbery, drinking intoxicants, dressing immodestly, homosexuality, and other sexual crimes.