Of course the NUMBER ONE goal in planning one’s self-defense should always be AVOIDANCE and a crucial factor in avoiding problems is AWARENESS. If something or someone just “doesn’t look right”, don’t go there if at all possible, or if you must “go there,” get help, ideally in the form of law enforcement.
It is probably quite likely that most criminals seeking to assault someone for whatever reason (such as theft, for example) will be looking for an “easy mark” (such as someone whose focus is elsewhere). Walking through certain areas while focused on something other than one’s surroundings (such as looking at one’s cell phone) can be a factor in whether or not one might be considered a “good target” for assault.
In the (hopefully most unlikely) event that someone should accost you with a weapon, especially a firearm, having given considerable thought as what your actions should be may well save your life. Carrying your own firearm (where legal to do so) is definitely something to consider and certainly recommended by this author. “Having a firearm and not needing one.” is certainly preferable to “Needing a firearm and not having one.”
Remember the likelihood that, in the vast majority of cases, the “bad guy” will “get to draw his weapon first”. Although that statement may sound a bit odd, realize the fact that if you present a deadly weapon first in a threatening manner, that you could become the “bad guy,” at least from a legal standpoint.
If an assailant is advancing on you and demonstrating an obvious intent to harm you or even threaten you with physical harm that is another story.