Footnotes
[1] UN 169 SDG TARGETS
[2] UN 169 SDG TARGETS
[3] UN 169 SDG TARGETS
[4] “…The system, especially the St. Lawrence River downstream from Ogdensburg, has changed dramatically since the Moses-Saunders dam was built. As a result, the lower river below the Moses-Saunders dam is much less sensitive to changes in water level regulation than the lake and upper river. This is because regulated releases are very diverse, spanning an even greater range than natural releases. Furthermore, the lower river hydrology is influenced not only by the outflows from Lake Ontario, but also by the Ottawa River and local tributary flows.” Final Report by the International Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River Study Board to the International Joint Commission March 2006, Options for Managing Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Water Levels and Flows, p, iv.
[5] “Tradeoffs in Managing the Natural and Developed Shore
There are challenges to balancing healthy coastal wetlands and property damage along the Lake Ontario shoreline. In its 2006 report, the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Study Board found that Plan 1958DD came close to minimizing damages for Lake Ontario shoreline property owners but had reduced the diversity of plant types along the shore and populations of animal species that feed on and live in the environments affected by the reduced water level ranges.
The Study Board and Working Group produced a range of regulation plans that met the Treaty’s requirements but that produced different levels of benefits among interests. No plan, however, could completely overcome this inherent conflict. Plans that restored a significant measure of coastal ecosystem health did so with more natural lake levels. More natural levels, by contrast, increased damages to vulnerable shoreline development. An alternative such as Plan 2007, which relaxed the compressed summer levels Lake Ontario while keeping autumn and winter levels unnaturally low, resulted in a slight reduction in coastal damages on average, but did little to reverse the harm to the environment.
In selecting a new regulation plan, the IJC chose to strike a balance between the two objectives. Plan 2014 produces a large improvement in coastal ecosystems in return for a small reduction in the benefits provided in the 1956 Order for those shoreline property owners who need to maintain shore protection to limit erosion and flooding.” Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River Plan 2014, Protecting against extreme water levels, restoring wetlands and preparing for climate change, p. 34.
[6] “Mr. Li began his career at the Foreign Affairs Ministry in 1985. Since then, he has served in various capacities, including as Director General of the Department of International Organizations and Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China (2013-2019), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of China to Myanmar (2010-2012), Deputy Director General of the Department of International Organizations and Conferences (2008-2010), Minister Counselor (Political), Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations (2003-2008), Division Director and Counselor in charge of UN General Assembly and Security Council Affairs (2001-2003), Second and First Secretary, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations (1997-2001). Third and Second Secretary, the Department of International Organizations and Conferences (1992-1997) and Assistant to the Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of China to the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok (1986-1992).” (Mr. Li Junhua, Under-Secretary-General)
[7] UN 169 SDG TARGETS:
“17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection.
Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection.
17.1.1 Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source
17.1.2 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes”
[8] “Sustainable Development Outlook 2020 Achieving SDGs in the wake of COVID-19: Scenarios for policymakers,” p. 33-34.
[9] The federal government reported a federal deficit of $1.13 trillion at the end of the 2021-2022 fiscacanadal year(opens in a new tab), an increase of 8.2 per cent from the previous fiscal year.
Adjusted for current inflation, Canada’s total provincial and federal debt increased from $1.1 trillion to $2.1 trillion between 2007-2008 and 2022-2023, according to a study by the right-wing think tank Fraser Institute(opens in a new tab).
Despite the government’s increased expenditure during the pandemic, this alone is not the primary cause behind the country’s debt problem.
(What's Canada's current federal debt and where's the government spending money? --CTV News)
[10] “The Liberal government is looking to cut almost $1 billion from the annual budget of the Department of National Defence (DND) — a demand the country's top military commander says is prompting some "difficult" conversations within the military.” Federal government looking to cut $1 billion from National Defence budget (CBC: Federal government looking to cut $1 billion from National Defence budget)
[11] Canada's spy agency suspects that cabinet ministers in two provinces are under the control of foreign governments, CBC News has learned.
Several members of B.C. municipal governments are also under suspicion, Richard Fadden, the director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, told CBC News in an exclusive interview.
"We're in fact a bit worried in a couple of provinces that we have an indication that there's some political figures who have developed quite an attachment to foreign countries," Fadden said.
"The individual becomes in a position to make decisions that affect the country or the province or a municipality. All of a sudden, decisions aren't taken on the basis of the public good but on the basis of another country's preoccupations."
He said the politicians and public servants see it as a long-standing relationship and have no idea they are being used.
"There are several municipal politicians in British Columbia and in at least two provinces there are ministers of the Crown who we think are under at least the general influence of a foreign government." (CBC: CSIS: Some politicians under foreign sway)
[12] UN Sustainable Development (Goals) Outlook 2020, Chapter II. Achieving prosperity in the wake of COVID-19 p. 23.
[13] UN Sustainable Development (Goals) Outlook 2020, Chapter II. Achieving prosperity in the wake of COVID-19 p. 33-34.